[1]班涛.农村声望地位的阶层确认研究——基于“结构-互动”视角的解读[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2018,18(05):70-78.
　BAN Tao.Class Confirmation of Rural Social Prestige and Position: An Interpretation from the Perspective of “Structure-Interaction”[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2018,18(05):70-78.
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农村声望地位的阶层确认研究——基于“结构-互动”视角的解读()
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南京农业大学学报（社科版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
18
期数:
2018年05期
页码:
70-78
栏目:
农民问题
出版日期:
2018-12-01

文章信息/Info

Title:
Class Confirmation of Rural Social Prestige and Position: An Interpretation from the Perspective of “Structure-Interaction”
作者:
班涛
武汉大学 社会学系, 湖北 武汉 430072
Author(s):
BAN Tao
关键词:
声望地位; 阶层确认; 熟人社会; 半熟人化; “结构-互动”
分类号:
C912.82
摘要:
基于东部农村的实地调查发现，阶层分化背景下富人阶层凭借经济地位实现了对声望地位的确认，亦即声望地位与经济地位之间存在选择性亲和。声望地位阶层确认的实践机制为富人借助于经济资源以私促公以及以私助私，具体而言公的层面包括富人阶层为其他阶层提供生存型与发展型公共品，私的层面包括富人对其他阶层的日常性的礼物赠予与扶危济困，由此形成了其他阶层对富人资源的依赖。人际交往的互惠原则，即施报平衡，在富人阶层无需其他阶层以有形资源回馈背景下推动了其他阶层让渡对富人阶层的服从与尊敬，以此富人阶层获得较高声望。上层富人对声望地位的阶层确认实践离不开社会结构支撑，高度熟悉与信息对称的熟人社会为富人阶层获得声望地位提供空间基础，地方性规范的软约制保障了富人阶层对其他阶层自愿让渡尊敬与信任，以及村庄的归属与价值共同体意涵构成了富人追求声望地位的动力。上层富人对声望地位的阶层确认实践重塑着社会结构，体现在村民间熟悉与信任度下降以及村落共同体意涵弱化，熟人社会走向半熟人化。
Abstract:
The empirical study based on the eastern areas shows that the rich class has realized the recognition of prestige and position through economic status in the background of class differentiation, that is, there is selective affinity between prestige and economic status. The practical mechanism about the confirmation of rural social prestige and position is that the rich promote their assistance for both the public and the private with their own private economic resources.Specifically, in the public aspect, the rich class provides both survival and developmental public goods for other classes, and in the private aspect, the rich give daily gifts and provide reliefs for the classes deep in need, which lead to the other classes’ dependence on the resources of the rich, and thereby the inter-class correlation increases. In the background that the rich seldom ask for being repayed with visible resources, the reciprocal principle of social interaction in the local consensus, that is,the balance of giving and reciving, does promote other classes’obedience and respect for the rich, and as a result, the rich class obtains a higher reputation. The reason that the rich can achieve the confirmation of rural social prestige and position is the support of social structure. The soft constraints of local norms in the acquaintance society help ensure the rich class’s gaining respect after the other class receiving the resources from the rich class. The deeper influence of the rich transforming economic status into social prestige and position is the consistency of class status and the monopoly of the rich, the stratification and solidification of the stratum structure, and the increasing frequency and intensity of conflicts between classes.The practice of the stratum recognition of prestige status by the upper class has reshaped the social structure, which is reflected in the decline of village folk familiarity and trust, the weakening of village community meaning, and the acquaintance society becoming semi-humanized.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2017-08-18。
基金项目:国家社会科学基金青年项目"乡村振兴背景下农村‘三治’协同机制研究"（18CZZ037）
作者简介:班涛,男,武汉大学社会学系博士生。E-mail:bantao19880512@163.com
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01