[1]张琦,沈扬扬.不同相对贫困标准的国际比较及对中国的启示[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(04):91-99.
 ZHANG Qi,SHEN Yangyang.The Comparison of International Relative Poverty Standards and its Inspiration to China[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):91-99.
点击复制

不同相对贫困标准的国际比较及对中国的启示()
分享到:

南京农业大学学报(社科版)[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
20
期数:
2020年04期
页码:
91-99
栏目:
相对贫困的国际经验与相对贫困治理机制
出版日期:
2020-07-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
The Comparison of International Relative Poverty Standards and its Inspiration to China
作者:
张琦 沈扬扬
北京师范大学 经济与资源管理研究院, 北京 100875
Author(s):
ZHANG Qi SHEN Yangyang
关键词:
贫困内涵相对贫困贫困标准国际经验
Keywords:
Connotation of PovertyRelative PovertyDesign of Poverty LineInternational Experience
分类号:
F113.9
摘要:
十九届四中全会提出的"建立解决相对贫困的长效机制",为2020年后的扶贫工作指明了方向。其中,相对贫困标准的研究和确定,是建立解决相对贫困长效机制的基础和前提。借鉴包括欧盟、经济合作与发展组织、美国、世界银行等典型发达国家和国际组织在相对贫困标准设置的经验和在实践中的做法,发现:以中位收入一定比例设置相对贫困标准的"收入比例法"为国际所通用;家庭成员等值规模估算和多维贫困综合识别为重要贫困辅助界定依据;贫困程度评估过程中考虑区域差异非常重要。中国在制定相对贫困标准上可结合国情按收入比例法确定国际可比贫困标准,辅以多维贫困识别方式,重视城乡、区域和省份间发展差异,坚持个体瞄准和区域瞄准相结合的综合相对贫困评估方式。同时要警惕城镇工作贫困等次生贫困问题。
Abstract:
For the first time, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the People’s Republic of China put forward "the establishment of a long-term mechanism for solving relative poverty", which points out the direction for poverty reduction campaigns after 2020. Among them, the research and determination of relative poverty standards are the basis and prerequisite for establishing a mechanism to solve the problem. This article draws on the experience and practices of relative poverty standards in typical international countries including the European Union, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United States, and the World Bank, and finds that the "income ratio method" sets relative poverty standards at a certain percentage of median income. It is universally used in the world; the estimation of the equivalent size of family members and the comprehensive identification of multidimensional poverty serve as the basis for defining important poverty; it is important to consider regional differences in the poverty assessment process. In formulating relative poverty standards, China can determine international comparable poverty standards in accordance with national conditions and the income ratio method, assist with multidimensional poverty identification methods, value development differences between urban and rural areas, regions, and provinces, and adhere to a comprehensive relative poverty assessment that combines individual targeting and regional targeting. At the same time, we must be vigilant about poverty-derived types such as working poverty in cities and towns.

参考文献/References:

[1] Sen A. Commodities and Capabilities[M]. New Delhi:Oxford University Press, 1999:39.
[2] Semega J, Kollar M, Creamer J, et al. Income and Poverty in the United States:2018 Current Population Reports[R]. Issued September 2019.
[3] Yoshida N, Katayama R, Singh S. Poverty Measurement:International Experiences[R]. Washington DC:World Bank, 2013.
[4] Fuchs V. Redefining Poverty and Redistributing Income[J]. The Public Interest, 1967, 8:88-95.
[5] Atkinson A B, Rainwater L, Smeeding T. Income Distribution in OECD Countries[R]. Paris:OECD, 1995.
[6] Deaton A. Price Indexes, Inequality, and the Measurement of World Poverty[J]. American Economic Review, 2010, 100(1):5-34.
[7] Hagenaars A, de Vos K, Zaidi A. Poverty Statistics in the Late 1980s[R]. EUROSTAT, Luxembourg, 1994.
[8] Citro C F, Michael R T. Measuring Poverty:A New Approach[M]. Washington D C:National Academy Press, 1995:501.
[9] F?rster M. Measurement of Low Incomes and Poverty in A Perspective of International Comparisons[R]. OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers,1994:14.

相似文献/References:

[1]曹立,王声啸.精准扶贫与乡村振兴衔接的理论逻辑与实践逻辑[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(04):42.
 CAO Li,WANG Shengxiao.The Theory Logic and Practice Logic Between Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Rural Vitalization[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):42.
[2]高强.脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的再探讨——基于政策转移接续的视角[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(04):49.
 GAO Qiang.Discussion on the Effective Connection Between Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization: Based on the Perspective of Policy Transfer and Continuity[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):49.
[3]左停,李世雄.2020年后中国农村贫困的类型、表现与应对路径[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(04):58.
 ZUO Ting,LI Shixiong.Types, Appearances and Countermeasures of Poverty in Rural China after 2020[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):58.
[4]白增博,汪三贵,周园翔.相对贫困视域下农村老年贫困治理[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(04):68.
 BAI Zengbo,WANG Sangui,ZHOU Yuanxiang.Poverty Management of Rural Elderly under Relative Poverty[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):68.
[5]郭之天,陆汉文.相对贫困的界定:国际经验与启示[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(04):100.
 GUO Zhitian,LU Hanwen.Defining Relative Poverty: International Experienceand Inspirations[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):100.
[6]仲超,林闽钢.中国相对贫困家庭的多维剥夺及其影响因素研究[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(04):112.
 ZHONG Chao,LIN Mingang.A Study of Multidimensional Deprivation and Influencing Factors of Relatively Poor Families in China[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):112.
[7]邢成举.政策衔接、扶贫转型与相对贫困长效治理机制的政策方向[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(04):133.
 XING Chengju.Policy Convergence, Transformation of Poverty Alleviation and the Policy Direction of Long-lasting Governance Mechanism on Relative Poverty[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):133.
[8]王晓毅.贫困治理机制转型[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(04):144.
 WANG Xiaoyi.Transition of Poverty Reduction System in China[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):144.
[9]魏有兴,杨佳惠.后扶贫时期教育扶贫的目标转向与实践进路[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(06):97.
 WEI Youxing,YANG Jiahui.The Goal Turn and Practice Approach of Education Poverty Alleviation in the Post-Poverty Era[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):97.
[10]陈基平,沈扬扬.从关注生存需求到关注平衡发展——后2020我国农村向相对贫困标准转变的政策与现实意义[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2021,21(02):73.
 CHEN Jiping,SHEN Yangyang.From Basic Needs to Balanced Development: The Policy and Practical Significance of Transition to Relative Poverty Standards in Rural Ares after 2020[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2021,21(04):73.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2020-02-14。
基金项目:教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目"贫困治理效果评估机制研究"(16JzD025);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目"2020年后扶贫标准设定、贫困人群识别与反贫困对策分析"(2019NTSS11)
作者简介:张琦,男,北京师范大学经济与资源管理研究院教授。
通讯作者:沈扬扬(通信作者),女,北京师范大学经济与资源管理研究院讲师
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01