[1]夏沁.农户有偿退出宅基地的私法规范路径——以2015年以来宅基地有偿退出改革试点为对象[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2023,23(04):152-164.
　XIA Qin.Private Law Norm Path for Farmers Paid Withdrawal of the Homestead: Taking the Pilot Reform of Paid Withdrawal of Homestead Bases since 2015 as an Object[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2023,23(04):152-164.
点击复制

农户有偿退出宅基地的私法规范路径——以2015年以来宅基地有偿退出改革试点为对象()
分享到：

南京农业大学学报（社科版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
23
期数:
2023年04期
页码:
152-164
栏目:
土地问题
出版日期:
2023-07-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
Private Law Norm Path for Farmers Paid Withdrawal of the Homestead: Taking the Pilot Reform of Paid Withdrawal of Homestead Bases since 2015 as an Object
作者:
夏沁
中南大学 法学院, 长沙 410012
Author(s):
XIA Qin
关键词:
宅基地有偿退出; 私法构造; 宅基地权利
Keywords:
Paid Withdrawal from Residential Bases; Private Law Structure; Residential Base Rights
分类号:
D912.3
摘要:
农户有权按照自己的意愿获得市场化对价而有偿退出宅基地，但目前试点地区存在适用情形不一致以及混同于无偿退出和宅基地强制收回等问题，其根本原因在于"允许进城落户农民有偿退出宅基地"的私法调整规范存在缺失。在城乡建设用地统一要素市场的背景下，宅基地有偿退出的交易市场愈发完善，该制度具备了通过市场价格和市场机制调整农户退出宅基地取得的"对价"的规范基础。而民法典宅基地使用权、"三权分置"中宅基地使用权、宅基地资格权、成员权、土地发展权的权利类型能够最大程度区分不同的权利客体"对价"，由此成为统一构造宅基地有偿退出私法规范的基本路径。在制度层面，因有偿退出是一种典型的双方民事法律行为，以此为主线，法律行为制度可以统合不同权利类型的有偿退出，并通过团体法的约束和限制最终构建不以户口作为判断农户有偿退出宅基地的私法规范。
Abstract:
Farmers have the right to withdraw from their homestead bases in compensation according to their own wishes, but there are inconsistencies in the circumstances of application and confusion between gratuitous withdrawal and mandatory resumption of homestead bases in the pilot areas. The fundamental reason is that there is a lack of private law adjustment norms for "allowing farmers who have settled in cities to withdraw their residential bases in compensation". In the context of the unified element market of urban and rural construction land, the trading market for the withdrawal of residential bases in compensation has become more and more perfect, and the system has the normative basis to adjust the "consideration" obtained by farmers through market price and market mechanism. The right to use residential bases in the Civil Code, the right to use residential bases, the right to qualify for residential bases, the right to membership, and the right to land development in the "three rights" can distinguish the "consideration" of different right objects to the greatest extent, thus becoming a unified structure of the paid withdrawal of residential bases-a basic path of private law regulation. At the institutional level, since the paid withdrawal is a typical civil legal act between two parties, with this as the main line, the legal act system can unify the paid withdrawal of different rights types, and through the constraints and restrictions of the group law, finally realize the private law regulation that does not use household registration as the judgment of farmers paid withdrawal of residential bases.

参考文献/References:

[1] 祁伟彦,杜欣蔚,任育锋,等.中国农村宅基地退出补偿政策的演变路径和政策选择[J].农业经济,2022(2):99-101.
[2] 李苑玉.宅基地收回的权益衡量与制度重塑[J].经济法论坛,2020,17(1):180-197.
[3] 魏莉华.新《土地管理法》学习读本[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2019:180-181.
[4] 翟继光.《中华人民共和国土地管理法》释义与典型案例分析[M].北京:中国民主法制出版社,2019:98.
[5] 李玥昕,陈先诚,吴春彭,等.农民宅基地产权认知对退出意愿的影响研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,2018(5):12-17.
[6] 陈小君.宅基地使用权的制度困局与破解之维[J].法学研究,2019,41(3):48-72.
[7] 黄贻芳.农村宅基地退出中农民权益保护问题研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2018:137.
[8] 吕军书.中国农村宅基地退出立法问题研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2019:165-169.
[9] 许恒周.农民阶层分化、产权偏好与农村土地流转研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2013:57-60.
[10] 王跃生.社会转型初期家庭结构和代际关系变动研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2018:222-223.
[11] 邹秀清,武婷燕,徐国良,等.乡村社会资本与农户宅基地退出——基于江西省余江区522户农户样本[J].中国土地科学,2020,34(4):26-34.
[12] 刘震宇,王崇敏.我国农村宅基地管理的法治化构造[J].当代法学,2016(5):59-66.
[13] 董新辉.乡村振兴背景下宅基地"三权分置"改革法律问题研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2021:189.
[14] 迪特尔·梅迪库斯.德国民法总论[M]. 邵建东,译.北京:法律出版社,2000:168.
[15] 李凤章.宅基地使用权流转应采用"退出-出让"模式[J].政治与法律,2020(9):110-123.
[16] 傅晨,任辉.农业转移人口市民化背景下农村土地制度创新的机理:一个分析框架[J].经济学家,2014(3):74-83.
[17] 徐深澄.《民法总则》职务代理规则的体系化阐释——以契合团体自治兼顾交易安全为轴心[J].法学家,2019(2):97-110.
[18] 陈锡文,罗丹,张征.中国农村改革40年[M].北京:人民出版社,2018:90-92.
[19] 金励.城乡一体化背景下进城落户农民土地权益保障研究[J].农业经济问题,2017,38(11):48-59.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2023-02-08。
基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目"农村集体所有制法律实现机制研究"（22&ZD202）；湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会一般资助项目"湖南省闲置宅基地有偿退出并再利用的现状与对策研究"（XSP2023FXZ023）
作者简介:夏沁,女,中南大学法学院讲师,博士。
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01