[1]燕继荣,王禹澔.保障济贫与发展脱贫的主题变奏——中国反贫困发展与展望[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(04):22-34.
　YAN Jirong,WANG Yuhao.Variations on the Theme of Protective Poverty Alleviation and Developing Poverty Alleviation: China’s Anti-poverty Retrospect and Prospect[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(04):22-34.
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保障济贫与发展脱贫的主题变奏——中国反贫困发展与展望()
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南京农业大学学报（社科版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
20
期数:
2020年04期
页码:
22-34
栏目:
新时代脱贫攻坚的意义、经验与展望
出版日期:
2020-07-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
Variations on the Theme of Protective Poverty Alleviation and Developing Poverty Alleviation: China’s Anti-poverty Retrospect and Prospect
作者:
燕继荣;  王禹澔
北京大学 政府管理学院/公共治理研究所/国家治理研究院, 北京 100871
Author(s):
YAN Jirong;  WANG Yuhao
关键词:
反贫困政策; 开发扶贫; 社会保障; 贫困治理
Keywords:
Anti-Poverty Policy; Development-Oriented Poverty Alleviation; Social Security; Poverty Governance
分类号:
D619
摘要:
提供生活救济、增加就业机会、开发人的潜能，反映了人类反贫困的逻辑和政策演进的过程。新中国成立70年来，反贫困取得了举世瞩目的成就，特别是改革开放40多年以来，贫困人口大幅减少，极大地改写了世界贫困数据。如何评估、解释这一成就，这对于2020年后中国贫困治理与世界反贫困具有重要的理论和现实意义。从经济发展与社会保障两个维度考察反贫困历史，中国减贫所取得的成就，应该归功于建立了反贫困的经济开发与社会保障双重政策体系并得到有效执行。中国反贫困从计划经济平均主义的生存救济，到改革开放后以经济发展为主导的开发式扶贫，再到新时代经济发展与社会保障并重的精准脱贫，正在进入国家—社会—公民协同、以消除人们能力和发展机会的制度性限制为核心的贫困治理新时期。2020后贫困治理的努力方向，应在坚持以人民为中心、共同富裕的理念下，持续建立、优化、完善制度，由救济扶贫、开发扶贫、精准脱贫转向以制度化建设为方向的贫困治理，不断推进贫困治理体系和治理能力现代化。
Abstract:
Providing life relief, increasing economic opportunities, and developing human capital reflect the logic of anti-poverty policies around the world. Since the founding the People’s Republic of China, the government’s anti-poverty policies have achieved world-renowned achievements. In the past four decades of reform and opening, in particular, the number of people living in poverty has been vastly reduced, which has significantly reshaped the worldwide landscape of poverty. Explaining and evaluating such achievements would provide important theoretical and practical implications for policies of poverty alleviation in China and around the world. By shedding light on the history of China’s anti-poverty efforts from the perspectives of both economic development and social security, we argue that China’s success in poverty reduction is rooted in the establishment of a dual policy system of anti-poverty economic growth on the one hand, and, on the other, a social security system, as well as the effective implementation of these measures. China’s anti-poverty policies evolved through three phases:"survival relief" with a planned economic system based on egalitarianism, development-oriented poverty alleviation during the reform era, and "precise poverty alleviation" that combines economic development and social security in the new stage. Now, a new era of poverty governance has begun which promotes wide and deep collaborations between state, social, and citizen actors and aims at enhancing the people’s developmental capacity through eliminating institutional constraints. After 2020, the direction of poverty alleviation efforts should continue to establish, improve and optimize the policies and their implementation under the principles of "People First" and "Shared Prosperity". A trajectory of policy evolution through these four stages demonstrates China’s continued efforts at modernizing anti-poverty governance and capabilities.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2020-05-11。
基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目"习近平总书记关于贫困治理的思想和实践研究"（19ZDA002）
作者简介:燕继荣,男,北京大学政府管理学院教授,博士生导师;王禹澔,男,北京大学政府管理学院博士生。
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01