[1]高鸣.中国农村人口老龄化：关键影响、应对策略和政策构建[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2022,22(04):8-21.
　GAO Ming.Rural Population Ageing in China: Key Impacts, Coping Strategies and Policy Construction[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2022,22(04):8-21.
点击复制

中国农村人口老龄化：关键影响、应对策略和政策构建()
分享到：

南京农业大学学报（社科版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
22
期数:
2022年04期
页码:
8-21
栏目:
农村老龄化专题研究
出版日期:
2022-07-29

文章信息/Info

Title:
Rural Population Ageing in China: Key Impacts, Coping Strategies and Policy Construction
作者:
高鸣
农业农村部 农村经济研究中心, 北京 100810
Author(s):
GAO Ming
关键词:
农村人口老龄化; 农民养老; 健康和医疗; 农村老年人就业
Keywords:
Rural Population Ageing; Providing for Aged Farmers; Health and Medical Care; Employment of Rural Elderly
分类号:
C924.24;F323.89
摘要:
与城镇相比,我国农村人口老龄化的速度更快、程度更深。在实现老有所养上,农村老年人居住的空巢化问题加剧,养老金等转移性收入仍有增长空间;在实现老有所医上,农村老年人的身体健康状况整体改善,但在医疗健康支出上的负担有所加重;对标老有所为的目标要求,农村在业老年人以在家务农为主,在本地参与非农就业的机会仍然较少。对此,中央和有关部门已有一些顶层设计和政策措施,但在涉及的内容与范围上还有优化空间。随着农村人口老龄化在2021年之后进入高速发展阶段,今后还应重点健全完善农村养老事业的制度政策体系和基础设施体系、加快推进城乡基本公共服务均等化、强化乡村人才队伍建设、促进县域经济发展与乡村产业振兴、充分发挥新型农村集体经济组织的重要作用。
Abstract:
Compared with cities and towns, the ageing of rural population in China is faster and deeper. In the future, the ageing degree of rural population in the north and northeast areas may exceed the national average level. In terms of providing for the elderly, the problem of empty-nest living in rural areas has intensified, and there is still room for the growth of transfer income such as pension of rural elderly. In the realization of access to medical care for the elderly, the overall physical health of rural elderly has improved, but the burden of medical and health expenditure of rural elderly has increased. The working elderly in rural areas are mainly engaged in agriculture, with limited opportunities to participate in non-agricultural employment locally. In this regard, the central government and relevant departments have conducted some top-level design and taken some policy measures, but the detailed items and scope of efforts involved are still insufficient. As the rural population ageing after 2021 entered a stage of rapid development, Chinese government still should focus on improving the institutional policies and infrastructure system of rural elderly care, accelerate the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, strengthen the construction of rural talent team, promote the development of county economy and the revitalization of rural industry, and give full play to the important role of the new rural collective economic organization.

参考文献/References:

[1] 蔡昉.中国老龄化挑战的供给侧和需求侧视角[J].经济学动态,2021(1):27-34.
[2] Rigg J, Phongsiri M, Promphakping B, et al.Who will Tend the Farm?Interrogating the Ageing Asian Farmer[J].The Journal of Peasant Studies, 2020, 47(2):306-325.
[3] 林宝.中国农村人口老龄化的趋势、影响与应对[J].西部论坛,2015,25(2):73-81.
[4] 陈锡文,陈昱阳,张建军.中国农村人口老龄化对农业产出影响的量化研究[J].中国人口科学,2011(2):39-46.
[5] 胡雪枝,钟甫宁.农村人口老龄化对粮食生产的影响——基于农村固定观察点数据的分析[J].中国农村经济,2012(7):29-39.
[6] 陈欣欣,陈燕凤,龚金泉,等.我国农村养老面临的挑战和养老服务存在的突出问题[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2021,38(4):64-77.
[7] 陆杰华,郭芳慈,陈继华,等.新时代农村养老制度设计:历史脉络、现实困境与发展路径[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2021,38(4):113-122.
[8] 贺雪峰.互助养老:中国农村养老的出路[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2020,20(5):1-8.
[9] 徐拓远,张云华."十四五"时期积极应对农村人口老龄化的思路与举措[J].改革,2021(10):31-40.
[10] 彭希哲,胡湛.公共政策视角下的中国人口老龄化[J].中国社会科学,2011(3):121-138.
[11] 杜鹏,李强.1994-2004年中国老年人的生活自理预期寿命及其变化[J].人口研究,2006,30(5):9-16.
[12] 穆光宗,张团.我国人口老龄化的发展趋势及其战略应对[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2011,50(5):29-36.
[13] 高鸣,魏佳朔.后小康时代保障粮食安全的形势任务、战略选择及2035年远景谋划[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2021,21(3):30-44.
[14] 邹湘江,吴丹.人口流动对农村人口老龄化的影响研究——基于"五普"和"六普"数据分析[J].人口学刊,2013,35(4):70-79.
[15] 王亚楠,向晶,钟甫宁.劳动力回流、老龄化与"刘易斯转折点"[J].农业经济问题,2020,41(12):4-16.
[16] 何欣,黄心波,周宇红.农村老龄人口居住模式、收入结构与贫困脆弱性[J].中国农村经济,2020(6):126-144.
[17] 牛文涛,姜润鸽.新中国70年的农村养老保障:历史演进与现实困境[J].农业经济问题,2020,41(2):54-64.
[18] 孙小雁,左学金.中国城乡老年人收入结构变化及影响因素分析[J].上海经济研究,2021,33(6):62-73.
[19] Feng W, Sousa-Poza A.The Economics of Ageing and Health[J].The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2018(12):192-194.
[20] 封进,余央央,楼平易.医疗需求与中国医疗费用增长——基于城乡老年医疗支出差异的视角[J].中国社会科学,2015(3):85-103.
[21] 马万超,李辉.从新型农村合作医疗到城乡居民基本医疗保险:城乡医保统筹的政策效应分析[J].中国经济问题,2021(4):146-157.
[22] Fan L X, Dang X H, Tong Y, et al.Functions, Motives and Barriers of Homestead Vegetable Production in Rural Areas in Ageing China[J].Journal of Rural Studies, 2019, 67:12-24.
[23] 高鸣,魏佳朔,宋洪远.新型农村集体经济创新发展的战略构想与政策优化[J].改革,2021(9):121-133.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2022-02-09。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目"收入性补贴对粮食生产率的影响:作用机理、实证分析与政策优化"(71803094);中央农办、农业农村部乡村振兴专家咨询委员会软科学课题"发展新型农村集体经济问题研究"(202117)
作者简介:高鸣,男,农业农村部农村经济研究中心副研究员。
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01