[1]张明皓,汪淳玉.土地的家计过程与贫困户的生存弹性——基于河南省平楼村的实地研究[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2020,20(02):39-47.
　ZHANG Minghao,WANG Chunyu.Householding of Land and Survival Elasticity of Poor Family[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2020,20(02):39-47.
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土地的家计过程与贫困户的生存弹性——基于河南省平楼村的实地研究()
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南京农业大学学报（社科版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
20
期数:
2020年02期
页码:
39-47
栏目:
农民生计与保障
出版日期:
2020-04-01

文章信息/Info

Title:
Householding of Land and Survival Elasticity of Poor Family
作者:
张明皓;  汪淳玉
中国农业大学 人文与发展学院, 北京 100193
Author(s):
ZHANG Minghao;  WANG Chunyu
关键词:
贫困户; 土地; 家计过程; 生存弹性; 产业扶贫
Keywords:
Poor Family; Land; Householding; Survival Elasticity
分类号:
C913.7
摘要:
政府主导的产业扶贫是基于"贫困户缺什么"的外力型扶贫,产业扶贫的诸多困境表明应在"贫困户有什么"的基础上重新思考扶贫重点。土地是贫困户最为关键的自有资源,对贫困户具有生计保障的物质性功能,并深深嵌入其家计过程。家计过程视角不同于生计框架,家计过程注重体察家庭再生产环节的变化和家庭内部生活的组织过程,有助于解释贫困户依托土地而实现自力型脱贫的发生机制,弥补国内扶贫研究过于政策化的不足。结合河南省平楼村的实地研究发现,土地的家计过程包括贫困户利用土地维系家庭再生产的流变策略,围绕土地形成的劳动力配置和社会关系动员机制,以及依靠土地实现的家庭内部权力和财产关系的适应性调整。土地的家计过程直接形塑出贫困户的生存弹性,具体包括贫困户生存自保的独立性、代价分配转化的妥协性以及自主资源库改善和代际传承的连续性。贫困户的生存弹性说明贫困户具有摆脱生存弱势和外部风险的能力。政府应警惕资本下乡以土地流转或产业扶贫之名破坏贫困户的家计过程,设置以贫困户家庭整体单元为对象的扶贫政策,同时激活贫困户的生产组织潜能,使贫困户享有真正持续的脱贫收益。
Abstract:
The government-led industrial poverty alleviation is based on the external force poverty alleviation of “what do the poor families lack”. Many difficulties of industrial poverty alleviation indicate that the focus of poverty alleviation should be reconsidered on the basis of “what do the poor families have”. Land is the most critical self-owned resource for poor family, and land not only has the material function of ensuring the livelihood of poor families, but also is deeply embedded in the householding of them. The perspective of householding is different from that of livelihood framework. Householding pays attention to the changes of family reproduction and the organizational process of family internal life, which helps to explain the mechanism of self-supporting poverty alleviation relying on land, and make up for the lack of domestic poverty alleviation research that is too policy oriented. Based on the field research findings of Ping Lou Village in Henan Province, the householding of land includes the dynamic strategy adopted by the poor family for the usage of land to maintain the family reproduction, the labor allocation and social relation mobilization mechanism formed with regard to the land, as well as the adaptive adjustment of family power and property relation realized by land. The householding of land directly shapes the survival elasticity of the poor family, specifically including the independence of their self-preservation, the compromise of their cost distribution and transformation, the improvement of independent resource database as well as the continuity of intergenerational transmission. While, the survival elasticity of the poor family shows that they can rely on land to get rid of the survival weakness and external risks. Therefore, the government should be wary of the destruction of the whole householding of the poor family in the name of land transfer or industrial poverty alleviation, set the poverty alleviation policy focus on the poor households as a whole unit, activate the production organization potential of the poor family at the same time, so that the poor households can enjoy the real and sustainable income from poverty alleviation.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2019-09-08。
基金项目:国家社会科学基金重点项目"城乡一体化进程中的农村变迁研究"（13ASH007）
作者简介:张明皓,男,中国农业大学人文与发展学院博士生;汪淳玉,女,中国农业大学人文与发展学院副教授。
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01