[1]种聪,岳希明.农民工收入现状、关键问题与优化路径[J].南京农业大学学报(社科版),2023,23(06):14-23.
　CHONG Cong,YUE Ximing.Current Situation, Key Problems and Optimization Path of Migrant Workers’ Income in the New Era[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Science),2023,23(06):14-23.
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农民工收入现状、关键问题与优化路径()
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南京农业大学学报（社科版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
23
期数:
2023年06期
页码:
14-23
栏目:
乡村振兴的理论与实践
出版日期:
2023-11-28

文章信息/Info

Title:
Current Situation, Key Problems and Optimization Path of Migrant Workers’ Income in the New Era
作者:
种聪1;  岳希明2
1. 农业农村部 农村经济研究中心, 北京 100810;
2. 中国人民大学 财政金融学院, 北京 100872
Author(s):
CHONG Cong1;  YUE Ximing2
关键词:
农民工; 收入结构; 高质量充分就业; 社会保障体系
Keywords:
Migrant Workers; Income Structure; High-quality Full Employment; Social Security System
分类号:
F323
摘要:
本文利用国家层面宏观和微观数据，分析了党的十八大以来我国农民工收入变动情况，探讨了促进农民工收入稳定增长的关键问题，并提出了主要思路及优化路径。研究表明，2012—2022年我国农民工收入保持稳定增长趋势，从收入来源看，工资性收入占比最高，其次是经营性收入，而财产性收入和转移性收入占比较低；分特征组来看，外出务工、东部地区、从事交通运输仓储和邮政业的农民工收入水平普遍更高。但农民工仍然存在收入增速放缓、动力不足，与城镇职工收入差距大等问题；分项收入中，存在工资性收入不稳定，经营性收入占比下降，财产性收入来源单一，转移性收入城乡差距大等关键问题。本文提出促进农民工增收的主要思路是理清本地农民工与外出农民工、进城农民工与返乡农民工、老年农民工与新生代农民工、农民工与城镇职工四组关系，分类施策。今后应聚焦高质量充分就业增加工资性收入，支持就业创业增加非农经营性收入，深化农村改革扩大财产性收入，完善社会保障体系增加转移性收入等优化路径，并注重调节农民工与城镇职工的收入差距，促进农民工持续稳定增收。
Abstract:
This paper employs macro and micro data at the national level to analyze the income trends of migrant workers in China since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, discusses the critical issues hindering the steady growth of migrant workers’ income, and proposes main ideas and optimization paths. The research reveals that rural migrant worker income in China has maintained a stable growth trend from 2012 to 2022. From an income source perspective, wage income accounts for the highest proportion, followed by operational income, while property income and transfer income have a relatively low proportion. Regarding characteristic groups, migrant workers in certain industries such as transportation, warehousing, and postal services generally have higher income levels. However, migrant workers still face several key problems, including a decelerated income growth rate, lack of motivation, a significant income gap with urban workers, unstable wage income, a decreasing proportion of operational income, single-source property income, and a large disparity between urban and rural transfer income. To address these challenges, this paper proposes that the primary strategy to promote the increase of migrant workers’ income is to clarify the relationships among different groups of migrant workers, including local, urban, returning, and new generations of workers. In addition, measures such as high-quality full employment to increase wage income, employment and entrepreneurship support to enhance non-farm operating income, rural reform efforts to expand property income opportunities, and improvements to the social security system to increase transfer income should be prioritized. Furthermore, attention should be paid to adjusting the income gap between rural migrant workers and urban workers to promote sustainable and stable income growth for rural migrant workers.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2023-03-20。
基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目"新时代我国财税再分配的精准调节机制研究"（22&ZD090）
作者简介:种聪,男,农业农村部农村经济研究中心助理研究员。
通讯作者:岳希明(通信作者),男,中国人民大学财政金融学院教授。
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01